減少寶馬發動機氣缸套磨損措施
Measures to reduce wear of BMW engine cylinder liner
1、氣缸套安裝位置不當在安裝氣缸套時，若存在安裝誤差，氣缸中心線和曲軸軸線不垂直，會造成氣缸套非正常磨損。
1. When the cylinder liner is not installed properly, if there are installation errors, the center line and crankshaft axis of the cylinder are not vertical, which will cause abnormal wear of the cylinder liner.
2、連桿銅套孔偏斜在修理中，鉸削連桿小頭銅套時，鉸刀傾斜而造成連桿銅套孔偏斜，活塞銷中心線與連桿小頭中心線不平行，迫使活塞向氣缸套的某一邊傾斜，也會造成氣缸套非正常磨損。
2. When the connecting rod copper sleeve hole is skewed in repairing, when the connecting rod small head copper sleeve is reamed, the reamer inclines and causes the connecting rod copper sleeve hole skewed. The center line of the piston pin is not parallel to the center line of the connecting rod small head, which forces the piston to incline to one side of the cylinder liner, and also causes abnormal wear of the cylinder liner.
減少氣缸套磨損的措施
Measures to Reduce Cylinder Liner Wear
1、正確起動和起步發動機冷車起動時
1. Correct Start and Start Engine Cold Start
由于溫度低，機油粘度大，流動性差，使機油泵供油不足。同時，原氣缸壁上的機油在停車后沿氣缸壁下流，因此在起動的瞬間得不到正常工作時那樣良好的潤滑，致使起動時氣缸璧磨損大大增加。因此，初次起動時，應先使發動機空轉幾圈，待摩擦表面得到潤滑后再起動。起動后應怠速運轉升溫，嚴禁猛轟油口，待機油溫度達到40℃時再起步；起步應堅持掛低速檔，并循序每一檔位行駛一段里程，直到油溫正常，方可轉為正常行駛。
Because of the low temperature, high oil viscosity and poor fluidity, the oil pump is insufficient. At the same time, the oil on the original cylinder wall flows down along the cylinder wall after stopping, so it can not be lubricated as well as normal work at the moment of starting, resulting in a great increase in cylinder abrasion during starting. Therefore, when starting for the first time, the engine should be idled several times before starting after the friction surface is lubricated. After starting, idle operation should be warmed up, no heavy bombardment of oil outlet should be prohibited, and start when oil temperature reaches 40 C. Starting should adhere to hanging low gear, and drive a mile in sequence in each gear, until the oil temperature is normal, it can be turned into normal driving.
2、正確選用潤滑油要嚴格按季節和發動機性能要求選用佳粘度值的潤滑油，
2. The proper choice of lubricating oil should be based strictly on the season and engine performance requirements to select the lubricating oil with the best viscosity value.
不可隨意購用劣質潤滑油，并經常檢查和保持潤滑油的數量與質量。
It is not allowed to purchase inferior lubricants at will, and the quantity and quality of lubricants should be checked and maintained regularly.
3、加強濾清器的保養使空氣濾清器、
3. Strengthen the maintenance of the filter to make the air filter,
機油濾清器和燃油濾清器保持良好的工作狀態，對減輕氣缸套的磨損至關重要。加強對“三濾”的保養，是防止機械雜質進入氣缸，減輕氣缸磨損，延長發動機使用壽命的一項重要措施，在農村和多風沙地區尤為重要。有的駕駛員為了節約燃料而不裝空氣濾清器是絕對錯誤的。
Oil filter and fuel filter keep good working condition, which is very important to reduce the wear of cylinder liner. Strengthening the maintenance of "three filters" is an important measure to prevent mechanical impurities from entering the cylinder, reduce cylinder wear and prolong the service life of the engine, especially in rural areas and sandy areas. Some drivers are absolutely wrong not to install air filters in order to save fuel.
4、保持發動機正常工作溫度
4. Maintaining the Normal Working Temperature of the Engine
發動機的正常工作溫度應處在80-90℃。溫度過低，不能保持良好的潤滑，會增大氣缸壁的磨損，氣缸內的水蒸氣易凝結成水珠，溶解廢氣中的酸性氣體分子，生成酸性物質，使氣缸璧受到腐蝕磨損。試驗表明，當氣缸璧溫度由90℃降到50℃時，氣缸磨損量為90℃時的4倍。溫度過高，會使氣缸強度降低而加劇磨損，甚至可能使活塞過度膨脹而造成“脹缸”事故。
The normal working temperature of the engine should be between 80 and 90 C. If the temperature is too low to maintain good lubrication, the wear of the cylinder wall will be increased, the water vapor in the cylinder will easily condense into water droplets, dissolve the acid gas molecules in the exhaust gas, and form acid substances, which will cause the cylinder to be corroded and worn. The test results show that when the temperature of cylinder decreases from 90 C to 50 C, the wear of cylinder is four times as much as that of 90 C. If the temperature is too high, the strength of the cylinder will be reduced and the wear will be aggravated, and even the piston may be over-expanded, which may cause the "cylinder expansion" accident.
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